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NASA Watching 'Perfect Storm' of Galactic Cosmic Rays
By PhysOrg
Oct 5, 2009 - 7:20:37 PM
Our solar system's natural shields are faltering, letting in a flood of cosmic rays. The Sun's recent listlessness is resulting in record-high radiation levels hazardous to human and robotic space missions.
Galactic cosmic rays are speeding charged particles that include protons and heavier atomic nuclei. They come from outside the solar system, though their exact sources are still being debated.
Earth dwellers are protected from cosmic rays by the planet's magnetic field and atmosphere. But outside Earth's protective influence, cosmic rays can play havoc with spacecraft electronics – they may be responsible for some recent computer glitches on NASA's Kepler spacecraft, which temporarily halted its planet-hunting observations. They can also damage astronaut DNA, which can lead to cancer.
Now, the influx of galactic cosmic rays into our solar system has reached a record high. Measurements by NASA's Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft indicate that cosmic rays are 19 per cent more abundant than any previous level seen since space flight began a half century ago.
Solar minimum
"The space era has so far experienced a time of relatively low cosmic ray activity," says Richard Mewaldt of Caltech, who is a member of the ACE team. "We may now be returning to levels typical of past centuries."
The Sun's magnetic field normally blocks some of the cosmic rays, preventing them from entering the solar system. But that protection has weakened of late. The solar wind, which helps project the Sun's magnetic field out into space, has dropped in pressure to a 50-year low. And the strength of the magnetic field in interplanetary space is down to just 4 nanoTesla, compared to the more typical 6 to 8 nanoTesla.
The recent weakening of the shield is due to cycles in solar activity. The Sun is at a minimum in its 11-year cycle of magnetic activity, and this particular dip is deeper than any other seen in nearly a century.
Extra shielding
That may be a sign that the unusually active Sun of the past 100 years or so is returning to the historical norm of lower activity, or even entering a so-called grand minimum of exceptionally low activity that could last centuries.
Scientists can infer variations in the Sun's magnetic activity over the past 10,000 years from the abundance of rare isotopes in Greenland ice cores.
If the increase in cosmic rays is here to stay, it could make long-duration human missions in space more challenging. Astronauts aboard the International Space Station are still close enough to enjoy protection from Earth's magnetic field, but any sent in future to the moon or beyond will be outside that field.
"The increase is significant, and it could mean we need to re-think how much radiation shielding astronauts take with them on deep-space missions," Mewaldt says.
Down time
If there's a long-term increase, it might also make sense to design future robotic missions for extra robustness against radiation, says Roger Hunter of NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, who manages NASA's planet-hunting Kepler mission.
It is not clear whether Kepler's temporary computer glitches were due to cosmic-ray hits, he says. But the spacecraft is designed to be able to recover from such events, going into a safe mode while mission controllers work to restore it to normal operation, he adds.
"Our only concern is will we see more events as a result of the cosmic-ray increase," he says. Since its launch in March, Kepler has lost 3.5 days of observing time due to glitches that put it into safe mode. However, the mission team always planned for occasional days lost to glitches, and considers up to 12 lost days per year to be acceptable.
By PhysOrg
Oct 5, 2009 - 7:20:37 PM
Our solar system's natural shields are faltering, letting in a flood of cosmic rays. The Sun's recent listlessness is resulting in record-high radiation levels hazardous to human and robotic space missions.
Galactic cosmic rays are speeding charged particles that include protons and heavier atomic nuclei. They come from outside the solar system, though their exact sources are still being debated.
Earth dwellers are protected from cosmic rays by the planet's magnetic field and atmosphere. But outside Earth's protective influence, cosmic rays can play havoc with spacecraft electronics – they may be responsible for some recent computer glitches on NASA's Kepler spacecraft, which temporarily halted its planet-hunting observations. They can also damage astronaut DNA, which can lead to cancer.
Now, the influx of galactic cosmic rays into our solar system has reached a record high. Measurements by NASA's Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft indicate that cosmic rays are 19 per cent more abundant than any previous level seen since space flight began a half century ago.
Solar minimum
"The space era has so far experienced a time of relatively low cosmic ray activity," says Richard Mewaldt of Caltech, who is a member of the ACE team. "We may now be returning to levels typical of past centuries."
The Sun's magnetic field normally blocks some of the cosmic rays, preventing them from entering the solar system. But that protection has weakened of late. The solar wind, which helps project the Sun's magnetic field out into space, has dropped in pressure to a 50-year low. And the strength of the magnetic field in interplanetary space is down to just 4 nanoTesla, compared to the more typical 6 to 8 nanoTesla.
The recent weakening of the shield is due to cycles in solar activity. The Sun is at a minimum in its 11-year cycle of magnetic activity, and this particular dip is deeper than any other seen in nearly a century.
Extra shielding
That may be a sign that the unusually active Sun of the past 100 years or so is returning to the historical norm of lower activity, or even entering a so-called grand minimum of exceptionally low activity that could last centuries.
Scientists can infer variations in the Sun's magnetic activity over the past 10,000 years from the abundance of rare isotopes in Greenland ice cores.
If the increase in cosmic rays is here to stay, it could make long-duration human missions in space more challenging. Astronauts aboard the International Space Station are still close enough to enjoy protection from Earth's magnetic field, but any sent in future to the moon or beyond will be outside that field.
"The increase is significant, and it could mean we need to re-think how much radiation shielding astronauts take with them on deep-space missions," Mewaldt says.
Down time
If there's a long-term increase, it might also make sense to design future robotic missions for extra robustness against radiation, says Roger Hunter of NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, who manages NASA's planet-hunting Kepler mission.
It is not clear whether Kepler's temporary computer glitches were due to cosmic-ray hits, he says. But the spacecraft is designed to be able to recover from such events, going into a safe mode while mission controllers work to restore it to normal operation, he adds.
"Our only concern is will we see more events as a result of the cosmic-ray increase," he says. Since its launch in March, Kepler has lost 3.5 days of observing time due to glitches that put it into safe mode. However, the mission team always planned for occasional days lost to glitches, and considers up to 12 lost days per year to be acceptable.
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Re: A 'Perfect Storm' of Cosmic rays
Wed, October 7, 2009 - 8:14 AMWhich shows beautifully how the Sun is the primary cause of the climate changes on Earth.
While CO2 levels are still high, the global temperatures are clearly falling and according to all objective science has been falling since the peak in 1998.
It is exactly as I have presented repeatedly. All the true science has shown it over and over again. Leading scientists are leaving the IPCC view because it is not science but only theory/supposition based on models.
It is the same as the period from the 40s to early 80s when global temperatures fell so dramatically that all of science stated that the Earth was heading for Ice Age. And yet CO2 levels were rising so sharply that it could not have been the cause of warming. What was a clear correlation was the solar cycle at that time, and many scientists have shown this very clearly. Many scientists have shown that CO2 levels follow warming not cause it.
And now with an early winter over the USA, one of the coolest summers I have known in 30+ years of outdoor work in the UK, and global mean temperatures still falling, it must be the Sun that is the main driver of climate changes. A fact that plenty of leading scientists have been insisting for years. With this current solar cycle meaning that Earth is not being sheltered from Cosmic rays we face another very cold winter around the globe. Last year was extremely cold in many places across the northern and southern hemispheres. This winter will be the final 'nail in the coffin' of the 'global warming' believers and their false profits/prophets.
Then we can finally address the pollution and destruction, the wars, the genocide of children and women, the extreme uses of radioactive and electro-magnetic technology to disrupt the whole system, the corruption, the corporate owned state, the population reduction agenda, the misuse of the sexual aspect, the separation from our living, growing and breathing planet, the programming of human minds and the destructive effects of human thought, in the knowledge that we humans are not driving the climate with gases but with a host of other far more serious factors. -
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Re: A 'Perfect Storm' of Cosmic rays
Wed, October 7, 2009 - 5:58 PMso how do the van allen belts fit into this?
and from a more practical point, how deep shall i dig into the ground?
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Re: A 'Perfect Storm' of Cosmic rays
Thu, October 8, 2009 - 10:55 AM>>> the global temperatures are clearly falling
lol..
That is absolute nonsense..
Here is a good rebuttal from realclimate... The entire article is recommended but i especally liked the last bit..
A warming pause?
6 October 2009
......................
It is noteworthy in this context that despite the record low in the brightness of the sun over the past three years (it’s been at its faintest since beginning of satellite measurements in the 1970s), a number of warming records have been broken during this time. March 2008 saw the warmest global land temperature of any March ever recorded in the past 130 years. June and August 2009 saw the warmest land and ocean temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere ever recorded for those months. The global ocean surface temperatures in 2009 broke all previous records for three consecutive months: June, July and August. The years 2007, 2008 and 2009 had the lowest summer Arctic sea ice cover ever recorded, and in 2008 for the first time in living memory the Northwest Passage and the Northeast Passage were simultaneously ice-free. This feat was repeated in 2009. Every single year of this century (2001-2008) has been warmer than all years of the 20th Century except 1998 (which sticks out well above the trend line due to a strong El Niño event).
The bottom line is: the observed warming over the last decade is 100% consistent with the expected anthropogenic warming trend of 0.2 ºC per decade, superimposed with short-term natural variability. It is no different in this respect from the two decades before. And with an El Niño developing in the Pacific right now, we wouldn’t be surprised if more temperature records were to be broken over the coming year or so.
www.realclimate.org/index.ph...ng-pause/ -
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Re: A 'Perfect Storm' of Cosmic rays
Sat, October 10, 2009 - 1:54 PMALL the data and graphs of global temperature from true science shows the mean temperature is falling and has done since 1998.
This document shows absolutely, what the true data is:
www.nzcpr.com/Research%20...rs%20(4).pdf
But these lies about the rising temperatures come from pretend scientists who cannot provide any peer-reviewed study to prove that human caused CO2 leads to climate changes. Beware of these liars because they are deliberately deceiving the humans who will listen, for a wide range of agendas (already mentioned repeatedly).
Beware the lies again and again. Greenland is not losing its glaciers as predicted, they are increasing in size. Greenland was called Greenland because it was 'green'. It was possible for people to grow food and trees and keep animals there, 200 years ago. It was far warmer then than it is now. Those who claim AGW exists have used Greenland as an example and anyone with half-a-brain should be able to see the scam!
It is an absolute fact than scientists are leaving the IPCC and AGW theory in droves. There are far more scientists against the theory than for it. There is NO consensus in science and the facts are so damning of the theory of AGW that leading scientists in relevant fields with lareg numbers of published and peer-reviewed papers, are declaring that it is a fraud! IPCC members are leaving the IPCC and declaring it to be mistaken and that the IPCC consists of mainly non-scientists and non-experts who refuse to represent the facts and do not acknowledge the lack of consensus or the data which shows serious mistakes in the theories and computer models.
Right now is an early winter with thick snow falling in many USA areas. Last winter was one of the coldest in decades, and snows are recorded as falling in parts of the world where they have never fallen before.
The liars are on the run folks!
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60 days to Copenhagen
Wed, October 7, 2009 - 11:36 AMTime to Raise your voice on climate change...
www.youtube.com/watch -
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Re: Lies about CO2 and AGW
Wed, October 7, 2009 - 1:14 PMEven scientists sympathetic to the IPCC know that cutting CO2 emissions will have absolutely no effect for decades.
In other words raising voices about CO2 cuts is nonsense and playing into the Club of Rome agenda to control humanity.
So the eco-zealots who go on ranting are supporting the fake 'carbon trading' and helping Al Gore (who refuses to sign his own 'carbon pledge') to make billions for himself and his mates.
Even worse is that the zealots are supporting nuclear power programmes, population reduction (the PTB are obliging), centralisation and NWO, new tax increases (for funding wars and corruption), draconian measures, etc.
There is NO scientific peer-reviewed study that shows that CO2 is the cause of current climate changes. None at all. The eco-zealots cannot show the proof because it does not exist. They always refer to false models and theory.
The 'hockey stick' is wrong and is proven wrong by Steve MacIntyre and others. Briffa is a fraud!
The models are false.
The agenda is political and financial and nothing to do with facts in science.
Time to admit that there is NO consensus in science.
Temperatures are falling rapidly, so rapidly that scientists are leaving the little clique around the IPCC.
They will be leaving even quicker now that a very cold early winter is already beginning! -
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Wed, October 7, 2009 - 1:49 PMwww.nzcpr.com/guest108.htm
"2. There is no evidence to support the idea that carbon emissions cause significant global warming. None.
There is plenty of evidence that global warming has occurred, and theory suggests that carbon emissions should raise temperatures (though by how much is hotly disputed), but there are no observations that implicate carbon emissions as a significant cause of the recent global warming. The world has spent $50b on global warming since 1990, and we have not found any actual evidence that carbon emissions cause global warming. Evidence consists of observations made by someone at some time that support the idea that carbon emissions cause global warming. Computer models and theoretical calculations are not evidence, they are just theory."
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Re: Politics of climate change
Wed, October 7, 2009 - 1:58 PMwww.nzcpr.com/guest116.htm
"A conspiracy stratagem was openly presented by Maurice Strong, a godfather of the global environmental movement, and a former senior advisor to Kofi Annan, the U.N. Secretary-General. In 1972 Strong was a Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which launched the world environment movement, and he has played a critical role in its globalization. In 1992 Strong was the Secretary-General of the “World Summit” conference in Rio de Janeiro, where on his instigation the foundations for the Kyoto Protocol were laid.
In an interview Strong disclosed his mindset: "What if a small group of world leaders were to conclude that the principal risk to the Earth comes from the actions of rich countries? And if the world is to survive, those rich countries would have to sign an agreement reducing their impact on the environment. Will they do it? The group’s conclusion is "no." The rich countries won’t do it. They won’t change. So, in order to save the planet, the group decides: Isn’t the only hope for the planet that the industrialized civilizations collapse? Isn’t it our responsibility to bring that about? This group of world leaders form a secret society to bring about an economic collapse." (Wood,1990) ."
Full report: www.nzcpr.com/Research%20...rs%20(4).pdf
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Thu, October 8, 2009 - 10:33 AM>>There is no evidence to support the idea that carbon emissions cause significant global warming."
There is plenty of evidence...
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
www.ipcc.ch/publications...nce_basis.htm
" Carbon dioxide is the most important anthroprogenic greenhouse gas. The global atmospheric concentration has increased of about 280 parts per million to about 379 parts per million in 2005."
"The annual carbon dioxide concentration growth was larger during the past 10 years!!!!! (1995:2005 average 1.9 parts per million)....(1960-2004 average 1.4 parts per million)"
"The understanding of anthroprogenic warming and cooling influence has improved since the third assesment report, leading to very high confidence that the global average net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming, with a radiative forcing of + 1.6 (between +0.6 and 2.4) Watt per m2"
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Thu, October 8, 2009 - 10:49 AMis it possible for psi to have a thread without this ridiculous back-and-forth Harmen? it is obvious that your opinions are at opposite ends of the spectrum, but this annoying hijacking of all psi's threads is juvenile. ramming your opinion down someone's throat is not effective, it just makes you a bully. a stalkerish kind of a bully at that. -
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Thu, October 8, 2009 - 11:09 AM"is it possible for psi to have a thread without this ridiculous back-and-forth Harmen?"
Absolutely..
If he would post something that can not be classified as global warming denialism i would gladly leave him alone.
So far i have not seen that from him..He only spams one topic..
I am a true Gaianist and i think human induced is one of the most crucial issues of our time..
I am not about to have my religion hijacked by a poltical agenda without showing people there is another side to Gaianism...
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Thu, October 8, 2009 - 11:14 AMoh please
"He only spams one topic.. "
as do you
there are other beliefs ("religions") than yours in this world
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Thu, October 8, 2009 - 11:15 AMthank god that everything that ever was ever will be or is right now, is perfect
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Thu, October 8, 2009 - 11:16 AMI feel like psi's disinformation needs to be countered here too , chili. His is an extreme and unsupportable position, and i think he is the one who is constantly trying to ram this pov down people's throats, posting little or nothing else but this pov on this topic.
If he does not want to argue about this, he should not put it out there so stridently. But argument is exactly what he wants. I see threads as interactive, not just announcements. -
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Thu, October 8, 2009 - 11:32 AMit seems as if spin is everything these days and I know that I and anyone else can find (dis)information within the web of life to support any belief system, right or wrong or a little/lot of both. people with passionate beliefs tend to be sure of themselves, and both sides of this "argument" have truths to them.
but the polarized bickering is tedious.
defunct links and all. -
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Sun, October 11, 2009 - 1:07 AM"but the polarized bickering is tedious. "
What do you mean?..I am not bickering at all..
I am just debunking myths...
In fact i am glad Psi keeps posting his falsehoods,
I prefer the climate denialism above the climate ignorance...it forces people to think about CO2 rising..
In either case climate change will be the hot topic this winter and the coming decades..
It will be harder to keep your head in the sand..
Time to take a stand..
Time for climate justice
www.timeforclimatejustice.org/
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Sat, October 10, 2009 - 2:02 PMYour disinformation is amazing!
I provide sources all the time and all are science sources. I am in a very supportable position and not extreme at all, especially when so much science is in accord that there is NO evidence that proves human CO2 causes climate change. So the couple of people in this tribe who are eco-zealot 'believers' of the religion/cult of global warming cannot provide the evidence and yet suggest that I am extreme. Amazing!
I have been here a few years now and have argued consistently that we would see colder and colder weather and colder winters. I am absolutely right and always was. I was right because my data is true science that is not controlled by a political control and profit based agenda. -
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Re: Plenty of real science on CO2 and AGW
Sat, October 10, 2009 - 2:15 PMAnd in this tribe we have pro-nuclear power supporters wittering-on about their guru Lovelock and always failing to mention about the fundamentalists in the 'Green' agenda are calling for massive population reduction.
This is the agenda announced by the Club of Rome. They want you to die!
I remind everyone of it again:
"It would seem that humans need a common motivation, namely a common adversary, to organize and act together in the vacuum; such a motivation must be found to bring the divided nations together to face an outside enemy, either a real one or else one invented for the purpose.
New enemies therefore have to be identified.
New strategies imagined, new weapons devised.
The common enemy of humanity is man.
In searching for a new enemy to unite us, we came up with the idea that pollution, the threat of global warming, water shortages, famine and the like would fit the bill. All these dangers are caused by human intervention, and it is only through changed attitudes and behavior that they can be overcome. The real enemy then, is humanity itself.
The old democracies have functioned reasonably well over the last 200 years, but they appear now to be in a phase of complacent stagnation with little evidence of real leadership and innovation
Democracy is not a panacea. It cannot organize everything and it is unaware of its own limits. These facts must be faced squarely. Sacrilegious though this may sound, democracy is no longer well suited for the tasks ahead. The complexity and the technical nature of many of today’s problems do not always allow elected representatives to make competent decisions at the right time.”
These are Club of Rome members:
Al Gore – former VP of the USA, leading climate change campaigner, Nobel Peace Prize winner, Academy Award winner, Emmy winner. Gore lead the US delegations to the Rio Earth Summit and Kyoto Climate Change conference. He chaired a meeting of the full Club of Rome held in Washington DC in 1997.
Javier Solana – Secretary General of the Council of the European Union, High Representative for EU Foreign Policy.
Maurice Strong – former Head of the UN Environment Programme, Chief Policy Advisor to Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the Rio Earth Summit, co-author (with Gorbachev) of the Earth Charter, co-author of the Kyoto Protocol, founder of the Earth Council, devout Baha’i.
Mikhail Gorbachev – CoR executive member, former President of the Soviet Union, founder of Green Cross International and the Gorbachev Foundation, Nobel Peace Prize winner, co-founder (with Hidalgo) of the Club of Madrid, co-author (with Strong) of the Earth Charter.
Diego Hidalgo – CoR executive member, co-founder (with Gorbachev) of the Club of Madrid, founder and President of the European Council on Foreign Relations in association with George Soros.
Ervin Laszlo – founding member of the CoR, founder and President of the Club of Budapest, founder and Chairman of the World Wisdom Council.
Anne Ehrlich – Population Biologist. Married to Paul Ehrlich with whom she has authored many books on human overpopulation. Also a former director of Friends of the Earth and the Sierra Club, and a member of the UN's Global Roll of Honor.
Hassan bin Talal – President of the CoR, President of the Arab Thought Forum, founder of the World Future Council, recently named as the United Nations 'Champion of the Earth'.
Sir Crispin Tickell – former British Permanent Representative to the United Nations and Permanent Representative on the Security Council, Chairman of the ‘Gaia Society’, Chairman of the Board of the Climate Institute, leading British climate change campaigner.
Kofi Annan – former Secretary General of the United Nations. Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.
Javier Perez de Cuellar – former Secretary General of the United Nations.
Gro Harlem Bruntland – United Nations Special Envoy for Climate Change, former President of Norway
Robert Muller – former Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations, founder and Chancellor of the UN University of Peace.
Father Berry Thomas – Catholic Priest who is one of the leading proponents of deep ecology, ecospirituality and global consciousness.
David Rockefeller – CoR executive member, former Chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank, founder of the Trilateral Commission, executive member of the World Economic Forum, donated land on which the United Nations stands.
Stephen Schneider – Stanford Professor of Biology and Global Change. Professor Schneider was among the earliest and most vocal proponents of man-made global warming and a lead author of many IPCC reports.
Bill Clinton – former President of the United States, founder of the Clinton Global Iniative.
Jimmy Carter – former President of the United States, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.
Bill Gates – founder of Microsoft, philanthropist
Garret Hardin – Professor of Human Ecology. Originator of the 'Global Commons' concept. Has authored many controversial papers on human overpopulation and eugenics.
Ted Turner – media mogul, philanthropist, founder of CNN
George Soros – multibillionare, major donor to the UN
Tony Blair – former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Deepak Chopra – New Age Guru
Desmond Tutu – South African Bishop and activist, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
Timothy Wirth – President of the United Nations Foundation
Henry Kissinger – former US Secretary of State
George Matthews – Chairman of the Gorbachev Foundation
Harlan Cleveland – former Assistant US Secretary of State and NATO Ambassador
Barbara Marx Hubbard – President of the Foundation for Conscious Evolution
Betty Williams – Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
Marianne Williamson – New Age 'Spiritual Activist'
Robert Thurman – assistant to the Dalai Lama
Jane Goodall – Primatologist and Evolutionary Biologist
Juan Carlos I – King of Spain
Prince Philippe of Belgium
Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
Dona Sophia – Queen of Spain
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero – current Prime Minister of Spain
Karan Singh – Former Prime Minister of India, Chairman of the Temple of Understanding
Daisaku Ikeda – founder of the Soka Gakkai cult
Martin Lees – CoR Secretary General, Rector of the UN University of Peace
Ernesto Zedillo – Director of The Yale Center for the Study of Globalization
Frithjof Finkbeiner – Coordinator of the Global Marshall Plan
Franz Josef Radermacher – Founder of the Global Marshall Plan
Eduard Shevardnadze – former Soviet foreign minister and President of Georgia
Richard von Weizsacker – former President of Germany
Carl Bildt – former President of Sweden
Kim Campbell – former Prime Minister of Canada and Senior Fellow of the Gorbachev Foundation
Vincente Fox – former President of Mexico
Helmut Kohl – former Chancellor of Germany
Romano Prodi – former Prime Minister of Italy and President of the European Commission
Vaclav Havel – former President of the Czech Republic
Hans Kung – Founder of the Global Ethic Foundation
Ruud Lubbers – United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Mary Robinson – United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Jerome Binde – Director of Foresight, UNESCO
Koïchiro Matsuura – Current Director General of UNESCO
Federico Mayor – Former Director General of UNESCO
Tapio Kanninen – Director of Policy and Planning, United Nations
Konrad Osterwalder – Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
Peter Johnston – Director General of European Commission
Jacques Delors – Former President of the European Commission
Domingo Jimenez-Beltran – Executive Director of the European Environment Agency
Thomas Homer-Dixon – Director of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Toronto
Hazel Henderson – Futurist and 'evoluntionary economist'
Emeka Anyaoku – former Commonwealth Secretary General, current President of the World Wildlife Fund
Wangari Maathai – Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, founder of the Green Belt Movement
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